How ping works

Here am going to share snapshot of how ping works,

we all know that ping is the utility program to test connectivity between hosts.

I am taking two categories ,

1. Ping host which is in same subnet
2. ping host which is in different network

case -1 :
    - when ping host (which is in same subnet ), first ARP broadcast happens , then icmp request/reply processed
    - broadcast mac ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff , destination ip address ARP broadcast will be zero as its unknown
case -2 :
    - icmp request sent to gateway as the destination address , as ping host is in different network so none of the present route matches
    - the ping can flow in any of the interfaces on the local host, depends on the destination ip subnet
     -     ping request/reply processed between localhost to gateway - remote host    
ARP cache can have its neighbor entries along with its gateway.